As exchangers are faced with chemical corrosive fluids, leakage is most common due to tube failure. To prevent leakage we provide two solutions as follows:

• Using blind plugs to block failed tube
• Using sleeve to repair tube

Retubing is last choice because 10% is allowable block range of tubes and it will postpone retubing and cause heat exchanger to continue work.

A hydraulic mandrel applies pressure to plug and cause plastic deformation on corrugated iron based seal. Seal material will be different with respect to operation.